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Evaluate the Effectiveness of Interleukin-6 and Interferon-£^ as Vaccine Additive in Epinephelus coioides

Yu-Ling Liu1, Hsin-Hung Chen1, Wan-Ching Kuo1*, Han-You Lin1,2* *  

 

 

1Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan,

 

 

2Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

 

 

Epinephelus coioides is an economically important farmed fish in Asia. In the recent year, high density aquaculture has increased the incidence of diseases hence vaccine with higher efficiency is required to prevent disease outbreak. Although vaccine application in grouper is vastly studied, little is known about grouper specific immune responses. Theoretically, an ideal immune protection was mainly contributed by specific cytotoxicity or antibody. For example, more specific antibody is required to neutralize soluble antigen or toxin; and stronger specific cytotoxicity is needed to eliminate virus or intracellular pathogens. The direction of specific immunity is controlled by the specific cytokines such as interleukin-6 and interferon-£^. Therefore, the additive of specific cytokines in vaccine might help to induce an optimized specific immune reaction and enhance the efficacy of vaccine. To prove this hypothesis, grouper TH1 and TH2 differentiation cytokine, interferon-£^ and interleukin-6, were selected as vaccine additive candidates and ELISA and flow cytometry assay were employed to evaluate the effectiveness of specific antibody secretion and T lymphocyte proliferation triggered by these cytokines. Results showed that in groupers, interleukin-6 activates specific antibody production and helper T cell proliferation whereas interferon-£^ induces cytotoxic T cell proliferation. It suggested that interleukin-6 and interferon-£^ successfully alter the direction of specific immunity. Furthermore, in the challenge trial, an increased survival rate was observed in the groupers under the treatment of vaccine combined with cytokine additives. These results indicated that the direction of immune response can be controlled by the additive of different cytokines and these cytokine additives can further increase the efficacy of fish vaccine.

 

 

Keywords: Epinephelus coioides, vaccine, cytokine